Journal Article
Lian Dai, Shannon Frattaroli, Christopher G. Myers, Conan Dickson
BMJ Leader, Published Online Ahead-of-Print, 2025 Nov
BMJ Leader, Published Online Ahead-of-Print, 2025 Nov
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APA
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Dai, L., Frattaroli, S., Myers, C. G., & Dickson, C. (2025). Medical Leadership Competencies for Physicians: A Systematic Scoping Review. BMJ Leader. https://doi.org/10.1136/leader-2024-001178
Chicago/Turabian
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Dai, Lian, Shannon Frattaroli, Christopher G. Myers, and Conan Dickson. “Medical Leadership Competencies for Physicians: A Systematic Scoping Review.” BMJ Leader (November 2025).
MLA
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Dai, Lian, et al. “Medical Leadership Competencies for Physicians: A Systematic Scoping Review.” BMJ Leader, Published Online Ahead-of-Print, Nov. 2025, doi:10.1136/leader-2024-001178.
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@article{dai2025a,
title = {Medical Leadership Competencies for Physicians: A Systematic Scoping Review},
year = {2025},
month = nov,
journal = {BMJ Leader},
publisher = {Published Online Ahead-of-Print},
doi = {10.1136/leader-2024-001178},
author = {Dai, Lian and Frattaroli, Shannon and Myers, Christopher G. and Dickson, Conan},
howpublished = {},
month_numeric = {11}
}
Abstract
Introduction: The concept of “medical leadership” has emerged as a critical issue in healthcare, prompting numerous countries to adopt measures toward enhancing leadership competency among physicians. This includes the development of medical leadership competency models. This scoping review aims to map and systematize the existing literature on generalized medical leadership competency models and context-specific leadership competencies for physicians, providing a comprehensive framework for future research.
Methods: This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for the scoping review framework. A comprehensive search was conducted across peer-reviewed academic databases and grey literature sources.
Results: Sixteen generalized medical leadership models and thirteen context-specific competency studies were identified. While most models have been developed in North America and Europe, context-specific competency studies have expanded globally. Frequency analysis highlights the significant influence and application of medical leadership competency models from the UK, the USA, Canada and Switzerland.
Conclusion: A comparative analysis across countries emphasizes the importance of considering contextual and cultural factors when developing and implementing medical eadership competencies. Over the last three decades, medical competency development has reflected a shift towards collective leadership within healthcare, with a focus on team-based, patient-centered approaches in the increasingly complex healthcare systems. Additionally, there is a growing need for competencies that address emerging challenges in healthcare, such as cultural sensitivity, crisis management, business skills, and digital literacy.